| Definition:
The muscular system is comprised mostly of skeletal
muscles attached to bones, but also includes cardiac and smooth muscles. |
|
 Structure:
The skeletal muscles are attached
to the bones at places called orgins, in locations that provide movements
of the bones upon voluntary muscular contraction.
Cardiac muscle makes up the heart,
and smooth muscle is in many places,
especially in the digestive and the circulatory systems. Muscles are stimulated
by nerve impulses that travel by creating action
potentials that reach the end of a nerve fiber.
 Function:
The skeletal muscles respond to the will, and
are the engines that maintain posture and
produce motion. Cardiac and smooth muscles
are controlled by the autonomic nervous
system. As action potentials either reach the end of a nerve, the either
stimulate another action potential in another fiber, or the reach an effector
cell, where they stimulate the release of neurotransmitters. If for example,
the effector cell is at a myo-neural
endplate, a muscle contraction will result, if the signal is strong
enough, or reaches a certain threshold.
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