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 Structure:
The digestive tract begins in the mouth and pharynx, and goes through the
esophagus, stomach, the small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum),
the large intestine, also called the colon, the rectum, and ending at the
anus. The liver, gall bladder, and pancreas contribute the bile and digestive
enzymes for the digestion of food. The Islets of Langerhan in the pancreas
are part of the endocrine system.
 Function:
Ingesting food, chewing, beginning digestion with saliva, swallowing, and
defecation are the voluntary parts of digestion. Once food is swallowed
food is further digested involuntarily in the stomach by acid and gastric
enzymes. Then, the food enters the small intestine where it is met by liver
bile and pancreatic enzymes to assist digestion. Food is propelled forward
by the smooth muscle of the intestines, and
undigested food residues and bacteria are expelled as feces. The metabolic
products of digestion are absorbed through the intestinal walls into the
lymphatic capillaries, and enter
the circulation through the thoracic
ducts. The primary purpose of digestion is the production of energy.
The ileum and the appendix have patches of lymphoid cells that are part
of the lymphatic
system.
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