Name: Hypophysis
Definition: The hypophysis, also known as the pituitary gland, hangs from the hypothalamus behind the optic nerve chiasma, or crossing.
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Structure: The hypophysis is a pea-sized organ connected to the hypothalamus above. It is enclosed in a network of veins that brings from the hypothalamus, chemicals called releasing and inhibiting hormones for regulating the secretory cells of the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis). A smaller posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) receives direct neuronal signals for it's hormone products.
Function: The adenohypophysis makes and secretes at least eleven major, trophic hormones into the circulation. They are growth hormone (GH), somatomedin C (insulin growth factor1, IGF1), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone, (MSH), enkephalin, endorphan, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL). These are examples of hormonal transmitters.
The neurohypophysis secretes two hormones, vasopressin, also called anti-diuretic hormone, and oxytocin. These are examples of neural transmittors.

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