Structure: The anterior lobe of the hypophysis is composed of six cell types that manufacture and secrete hormones. The hypophyseal portal veins bring hypothalamic releasing hormones that stimulate these cells. They are somatotropes, thyrotropes, corticotropes, gonadotropes, and lactotropes, each named for the type of hormone that they make and release. Clear cells are immature cells.

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Function: Manufacture and release of the tropic hormones of the endocrine system; growth hormone (GH), somatomedin C, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which is metabolized into adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), encephalin, beta-endorphan.and tackykinins.It also secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL). These hormones enter the circulation and are extracted by their target glands where their effect is observed.

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